What Are Dental Crowns and Caps?

Dental crowns, also known as caps, are tooth-shaped coverings placed over a tooth to restore its shape, size, strength, and appearance. They completely encase the visible portion of a tooth above the gum line, providing protection and enhancing aesthetics. Crowns are often used for teeth that are damaged, decayed, or weakened, helping to restore their function and appearance.

When Are Dental Crowns Needed?

Crowns can be used for a variety of dental issues, including:

• Severely decayed or damaged teeth: Protects teeth that have large cavities or fractures.
• After root canal treatment: Strengthens and protects the tooth after a root canal.
• Cracked or broken teeth: Holds together parts of a cracked tooth.
• Worn-down teeth: Restores the shape and function of teeth worn down by grinding.
• Cosmetic enhancement: Covers misshapen or severely discolored teeth.
• Dental implants: Serves as the visible portion of a dental implant.
• Supporting dental bridges: Holds a dental bridge in place.

Types of Dental Crowns

Dental crowns come in various materials, each with its own benefits:

1. Porcelain or Ceramic Crowns

   • Natural appearance: Mimics the look of natural teeth.
   • Best for front teeth: Ideal for visible areas due to their aesthetic appeal.
   • Biocompatible: Contains no metal, reducing the risk of allergies.

2. Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crowns

   • Strong and durable: Combines the strength of metal with the natural look of porcelain.
   • Versatile: Suitable for both front and back teeth.
   • Cost-effective: A balance between aesthetics and durability.

3. Metal Crowns (Gold or Alloy)

   • Extremely durable: Resistant to wear and chipping.
   • Less tooth removal required: Minimal tooth structure needs to be removed.
   • Ideal for molars: Best for back teeth where strength is crucial.

4. Zirconia Crowns

   • Highly durable: Stronger than porcelain and resistant to fractures.
   • Biocompatible: Gentle on the gums and surrounding tissues.
   • Natural appearance: Can be color-matched to your teeth.

5. Composite Resin Crowns

   • More affordable: Often less expensive than other crown types.
   • Less durable: More prone to wear and staining over time.
   • Best for temporary use: Typically used for short-term solutions.

The Dental Crown Procedure: Step-by-Step

Getting a dental crown typically involves two visits to the dentist:

1. First Visit: Tooth Preparation

   • Examination and X-ray: Your dentist examines the tooth and surrounding bone structure.
   • Tooth reshaping: The tooth is filed down to make room for the crown. If a large portion of the tooth is missing, a filling material may be used to “build up” the tooth.
   • Impression: A mold or digital scan of your tooth is taken to create a custom crown.
   • Temporary crown: A temporary crown is placed to protect your tooth while the permanent crown is being made (usually takes 1-2 weeks).

2. Second Visit: Crown Placement

   • Removal of the temporary crown: The temporary crown is carefully removed.
   • Fitting the permanent crown: Your dentist checks the fit, color, and shape of the new crown.
   • Cementing: Once everything is perfect, the crown is permanently cemented onto your tooth.